^H^ttM-:.-:.^ 


in 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


ft 

lawyer 

dallas,  texas 


Miniature  Series. 

THE 

L  I  T  T  L  E 

TEACHER 

OF 

STANDARD    PHONOGRAPHY. 


ANDREW    J.    GRAHAM, 

Author    and    Publisher, 
"New  York. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1871, 

BY  ANDREW  J.   GRAHAM, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 

at  Washington,  D.  C. 

NEW  AND  IMPROVED  EDITION. 

Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1882, 

BY  ANDREW  J.   GRAHAM, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress, 

at  Washington,  D.  C. 


WIN. 


PREFACE 


The  Miniature  Series — of  which  this  is  one  vol- 
ume-— is  intended  to  present  in  neat  and  compact 
form,  and  of  pocket  size,  the  leading  features  of  the 

.  Phonographic  Art  in  its  most  Improved  and  Approved 

I  ^Scientific  and  Practical,  Form. 

METHODS  OF  STUDY. 

There  are  two  methods  of  study  which  may  be 
pursued  by  the  phonographic  student  :  One,  to  ob- 
tain a  knowledge  of  the  more  general  features  of  the 
Art,  as  by  the  study  of  the  Little  Teacher;  and  the 
other,  to  obtain  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  Art,  by 
studying  full  and  logically  arranged  statements  of 
the  greater  and  minor  features  of  the  Art,  and  by 
rendering  these  statements  entirely  familiar  by  much. 
practice  of  ample  illustrative  reading  and  writing  ex- 
ercises, as  by  the  use  of  the  Hand-Book  of  Standard 
Phonography. 

Those  desirous  of  becoming  excellent  phonograph* 
ers,  may  combine  both  methods;  studying  the  Hand' 
Book  thoroughly,  and  carrying  the  Little  Teacher 
as  a  pocket  companion,  to  serve  at  odd  moments  as  & 
convenient  reminder  of  the  contents  of  the  larger 
book. 

The  Outline  (part  first  of  the  Little  Teacher)  gives 
a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  system,  well  designed  to  im- 
press upon  the  mind  the  leading  principles  and  their 
relations  :  as,  1.  The  Simple  Consonants  ;  2.  Vocal- 
ization ;  3  Group-Consonant  Signs,  with  their  five 
subdivisions. 

The  Little  Reader  (part  second  of  this  work)  fur- 
nishes a  short  reading  exercise  on  each  section  of 
the  Outline;  and  these  clearly  engraved  exercises  re- 
peatedly read  and  copied  will  make  an  ineffaceable  im- 
pression upon  the  memory. 

The  Writing  Exercises  (part  third  of  this  work)  is  a 
Key  to  the  engraved  Reading  Exercises.  The  student 
having  read  a  portion  of  the  engraving  by  aid  of  this 
Key,  should  test  and  improve  his  knowledge  by  writ- 
ing the  words  of  the  Key  in  phonography,  and  cor- 


tecting  errors  by   comparison    with    the    engaving. 

:    urth  oi  this 
book]  will  I  -  :.panion  for 

the  phonographic  student  in  his  reading  and  writing 
of  phonography,  nntil  he  has  made  the  word-signs 
and.  .miliar.     Produced  by  the  au. 

-      f  Stei      .:    _  .:.d  thoroughly  re- 

vised, it  is  the  best  and  prettiest  Correspouden: 
iblished. 
The  Synopsis  (a  little  fuller  presentation  of  the  Art) 
may  n  I  upil  may  at  once  pro- 

mplete  and 
ough presentation  of  the  Ait,  both  in  its  elementary 
and    : 
teacher  and  pupil,  and  with  ample  reading  and  writ- 

When  th-  baa  been  familiarized  up  to  its 

Bepor-         ~  apter,  the  student  should  read  and 

copy  the  ~F  which  is  an  extendtd  en 

e  correspond:  i   called  because  suited 

to  correspondence  and  other  common  uses  of  the  Art, 
•where  legibility  is  more  important  than  speed.     The 

er  should  be  writ- 
ten in  phonography,  and  errors  corrected  by  compar- 
:  the    engraving   of  the 
-.     The  corresponding  style  thoroughly  master 
ed  by  mind  and  ft  rting  instrument 

my  imperfectly  acquired  reporting  style. 
The  let  is  intended  to  be  studied  in  con- 

nection with  the  Reporting  Stvle  chapter  of  the  1. 

£.    ■:. 
The  Dictionary  gives,   by   its  unmistakable  name- 
d,  the  best  modes  of  writing  words  and  phrasea 
-  jrresponding  and  Reporting  Styles. 

ANDREW  J.  URAHAII. 


OUTLINE 

OF 

STANDARD   PHONOGRAPHY. 
By  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM. 


conductor  of  the  fhonetic  academy,  set  york, 
and  aithoe  of  the  handbook  of  standard  pho. 
s03raphy  :"  the  synopsis  of  standard  phosog. 
eapht  :  "'  "the  first  and  the  second  stantjard- 
phonosraphic  readers:"  'the  standard  phono- 
graphic dictionary  ;  "  -  brief  longhand  ;  "  "  a  5t3 
teil  for  the  rapid  expression  of  nu5ues5."  etc. 


"The  intelle:  I  mand  a  basis — . 

point  of  departure — otb  i  _ .      .  7  refuse  to  exert 

^ers."' 


Xew  York  : 
PUBLISHED  BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

~ii    BBOAmVAY. 


Entered,  according  to  act  of  Congress,  in   the  year  1S62,  by 
axdrew  J.  Graham. 

in  the   Clerk's    Office   of   the    District   Court   of    the   United 
States  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 


INITIAL  REMARKS. 


Standard  Phonography— the  best  shorthand— in  the 
language  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  is  "  Pitman's  Phonog- 
raphy greatly  improved,  perfected,  and  Americanized." 

Of  the  Hand-Book — the  first  work  in  which  was  presented 
Standard  Phouography,  the  Scientific  American  said :  "  It  is, 
we  think,  a  successful  attempt  to  systemize  Phonography  and 
place  it  beyond  the  chance  of  future  change,  so  that  any  person 
acquiring  it  now  will  not  have  to  be  continually  altering,  cor- 
recting,  and  unlearning  what  he  has  already  acquired." 

Within  three  years  after  its  first  presentation,  the  system  of 
the  Hand-Book  is  acknowledged  to  be  the  best  system  of  Pho- 
nography, even  by  the  rival  phonographic  publishers  of  this 
country — by  one,  Mr-  Longly,  in  a  frank  and  noble  manner, 
which  does  him  great  honor,  and  by  the  other  by  an  appropria 
tion  of  my  labors  and  devices  to  such  an  extent,  it  seems  to  me 
as  not  only  to  be  condemnable  at  the  Bar  of  Law  or  of  Conscience 
but  to  suggest  to  the  public,  especially  phonographers,  the  pro 
priety  of  acquiring  the  system  thus  approved  from  its  source 
where  nothing  useful  is  retrenched  to  give  the  color  of  originality 
or  to  conceal  a  trespass. 

It  would  seem  that  no  higher  authority  than  these  facts  and 
quotations  could  possibly  be  given  to  establish  the  superiority  of 
Standard  Phonography,  unless  it  might  be  the  testimonials  of 
the  many  intelligent  phonographers,  amateur  and  professional, 
who  having  studied  Pitman's  Phonography  have  since  learned 
the  system  of  the  Hand  Book  A  few  specimens  of  these 
numerous  testimonials  are  given  in  the  following  paragraphs  : 

From  Charles  Whitney,  Reporter.—"  Having  made  my- 
self acquainted  with  Standard  Phonography  as  well  as  the  sys- 
tem of  Mr.  Pitman,  and  being  aware  of  the  advantages  of  the 
former,  I  shall  take  pleasure  in  introducing  it  whenever  en 


4  INITIAL    REMARKS. 

opportunity  shall  present.  "Wherever  its  merits  are  known  it 
must  supersede  the  system  of  Mr.  Pitman  " 

From  Joseph  Flowers.  Jr.,  Phonographic  Teacher,  Attle- 
boro,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa  — "  Six  months  ago  I  was  as  earnest  a  Pit- 
man phonographer  as  ever  breathed,  but  now  I  have  adopted 
Standard  Phonography  entirely,  aud  think  no  other  worth 
studying." 

From  Wm.  H.  Okr,  Reporter,  in  The  Phonetic  Pioneer. — "  A 
very  good  method  of  testing  the  superiority  of  Graham's  over 
Pitmun's  system  of  reporting  is  to  contrast  the  amouut  of  mat- 
ter contained  in  a  line  of  the  one,  written  the  same  size,  with 
that  which  a  line  of  the  other  system  contains."  The  contrast, 
as  shown  by  Mr.  Orr,  taking  lines  at  random,  from  the  different 
reporting  works,  where  the  lines  were  of  the  same  length,  was 
38  words  in  aline  of  my  work  and  IS  in  a  line  of  Mr.  Pitman's 
work — showing  a  superiority  of  more  than  one  hundred  per 
cent  in  favor  of  the  Standard  Phonographic  Reporting  Style 

Mr  Pitman,  in  one  of  his  publications,  speaks  of  Mr.  Joseph 
B.  MeCullagb,  the  Reporter  of  the  Cincinnati  Gazette,  as  hav- 
ing "  the  enviable  reputation  of  being  the  youngest  reporter  and 
the  fastest  writer  in  the  city  "—though  he  gave  no  intimation 
of  the  reason  why  the  youngest  writer  should  be  able  to  outstrip 
older  and  more  practiced  ones.  This  omission  is  happily  sup- 
plied by  the  following : 

From  Joseph  B.  McCvllagh  Reporter  of  the  Cincinnati 
Gazette  — "  I  reported  during  the  campaign  [of  I860]  recently 
closed,  more  than  a  hundred  speeches  verbatim,  and  I  can  tes- 
tify to  the  fact  that  Standard  Phonography  only,  is  capable  of 
giving  the  reporter  sufficient  speed  to  enable  him  to  follow  a 
rapid  speaker  When  every  reporter  in  the  United  States  has 
fully  mastered  Standard  Phonography  we  will  find  a  fewer  num- 
ber of  corrections  of  public  speeches.  It  is  easier  with  a  full 
knowledge  of  Standard  Phonography  to  write  180  words  per 
minute  than  it  is  with  the  most  thorough  mastery  of  the  other 
system  [Pitman's],  to  write  140." 

From  A.  J.  Street  in  the  Philadelphia  Saturday  Evening 
Post)—"  At  present  there  are  two  systems  of  Phonography,  Gra- 
ham's and  Pitman's.     Having  carefully  studied  both,  I  have  no 


INITIAL,    REMARKS.  O 

hesitation  in  pronouncing  Graham's  the  superior  and  most  per- 
fect system,  both  in  regard  to  brevity  and  more  perfect  repre- 
sentation of  the  sounds  of  the  language." 

In  Phonographic  Odds  and  Ends,  see  Comparison  of  Stand- 
ard aud  Pitman  Phonography,  p.  22 — Interested  Theory  against 
Staudard  Phonography  upset  by  Fact,  p  180— Importance  of 
the  Haud-Book,  p  165,  par.  2 — Instability  of  Pitman's  Phonog- 
raphy, p  16S — Stability  of  Standard  Phonography,  p.  187,  par. 
7 :  p.  179,  par.  3 — Why  Old  Phonograpbers  adopt  Standard  Pho- 
nography, p.  110 — Pitman  Phonography  will  be  found  wanting, 
p.  183,  par.  3 — Reporters  approve  Standard  Phonography,  p  178 
— Standard-Phonographic  Works,  p.  165-6 — Merit  of  Standard 
Phonography,  p.  188 — Standard  Phonography,  taken  as  a  whole, 
is  a  new  and  superior  system,  p.  187,  par.  3 — Plagiarism  furnish- 
ing an  unwelcome  proof  of  the  superiority  of  Standard  Phonog- 
raphy, p.  167— Standard  Phonography  superior  to  other  Pho- 
nographies, p  196,  par.  2 — Genuine  Old  Phonography  extin- 
guished  by  the  Hand- Book,  p.  197,  par.  2  — Objections  to  Stand- 
ard Phonography  answered,  p   198-200. 

It  is  believed  that  the  preceding  will  enable  every  person, 
whether  proposing  to  study  Phonography,  or  having  already- 
commenced,  to  decide  the  important  question,  "Which  system 
is  best" — and  aid  in  establishing,  for  this  country  at  least,  a 
uniform  system  of  Phonetic  Shorthand      "  Let  there  be  light.'' 

This  little  book  is  designed  to  serve  as  a  useful  Pocket-Com- 
panion for  the  student  while  familiarizing  the  Phonographic 
Alphabet,  and  the  Chief  Principles  of  the  Corresponding,  or 
Full  Style,  of  Phonography.  As  a  few  strokes  of  a  pencil  by  a 
good  artist  may  convey  a  fair  and  general  impression  of  a 
countenance,  so  this  Outline,  when  carefully  studied  gives  no 
mean  knowledge  of  its  subject  A  knowledge  of  the  less  and 
greater  shades,  characteristics,  and  uses  will  be  attained  by  the 
study  of  the  Standard-Phonographic  series,  namely  : 

1.  The  Synopsis.  2.  The  Hand- Book— an  encyclopedia  of 
every  principle  of  every  style  of  the  art.  3.  The  First  Stand. 
ard-Phonographic  Reader — an  extended  exercise  in  reading 
and  copying  in  the  Corresponding  Style — requiring  a  moat 
thorough  review  of  the  Hand-Book — and  embracing  matter  of 


6  INITIAL   EE.MAEKS. 

importance  to  all  young  men  and  women.  4.  The  Second 
Standard-Phonographic  Reader— thoroughly  presenting  and 
exemplifying  the  best  Reporting  Style,  with  numerous  refer- 
ences to  the  Hand- Book  : — and  embracing  a  large  body  of  Xotes 
pertaining  to  the  minutest  details  of  reporting,  and  giving  full 
advice  for  its  practice.  5.  The  Standard- Phonographic  Dic- 
tionary, giving  the  pronunciation,  and  the  best  Corresponding 
and  Reporting  Outlines,  of  more  than  Sixty  Thousand  'Words: 
the  Signs  of  several  thousand  Phrases;  useful  Remarks  as  to 
Orthography,  Pronunciation,  Outlines.  Contractions,  and 
Phrase-writing  :  and  niany  Special  Contractions  for  the  various 
subjects  of  reporting  in  addition  to  the  general  Word-Signs  and 
Contractions  given  in  the  Hand-Book — in  fine,  a  Cyclopedia  of 
Details  as  the  preceding  works  are  Cyclopediae  of  Principles 
and  Exemplifications.  This  series  has  been  produced  by  an 
immense  expense  of  time,  labor,  and  money — the  Dictionary 
costing  nearly  Three  Thousand  Dollars  for  stereotyping  alone  ; 
and  by  many  intelligent  and  competent  judges  these  works  have 
been  pronounced  to  be  beyond  comparison  with  anything  in  the 
whole  history  of  shorthand. 

That  this  art  in  its  most  improved  form  rendered  adequate  to 
all  the  purposes  of  a  standard  and  universal  system,  might  go 
where  the  wants  of  the  age  demand  it  should  go,  into  all  our 
institutions  of  learning,  to  be  acquired  by  all  classes  and  pro- 
fessions, there  has  been  an  earnest  endeavor  in  these  works  to 
present  it  in  a  Scientific  and  Impressive  Form  and  Manner, 
■with  a  Fullness  and  Conciseness  of  Explanation,  and  a  Com- 
pleteness and  Beauty  of  Illustration,  and  with  the  Collateral 
Aids  of  Questions  and  Exercises — which  should  place  it  in 
these  respects  upon  an  equal  footing  with  the  other  arts  and  the 
sciences  which  are  now  made  branches  of  education.  But  most 
earnestly  has  the  Author  labored  to  produce  a  series  of  works 
by  which  any  one  of  ordinary  comprehension  may  by  due 
effort,  without  the  aid  of  a  teacher,  acquire,  at  his  pleasure, 
either  a  general,  or  a  minute,  critical,  and  practical  knowledge 
of  the  art.  so  that  it  may  become  as  prevalent  as  it  should,  and 
furnish  its  invaluable  assistance  to  every  adult  or  youth  the 
land  over,  even  if  we  should  go  on  forever  with  that  ancient  ab- 


INITIAL   REMARKS.  7 

surdity  of  consuming  in  the  schools  the  precious  time  of  the 
pupil  by  the  study  of  things  which  either  as  to  their  entirety  or 
their  minutiae  are  of  very  slight  or  exceptional  utility,  while 
arts  and  sciences  which  would  be  of  great  service  to  all  in  any 
vocation,  are  overlooked,  excluded,  and  sometimes  derided.  Those 
brauches  which  underlie  and  run  through  all  other  studies — 
as  do  reading  and  writng — or  which  might  be  of  great  assistance 
in  must  other  studies,  as  Phonography  would  be — should,  of 
cour-^.  be  thoroughly  studied — though  that  is  not  a  reason  why, 
as  to  the  character  of  the  thing  or  its  presentation,  we  should 
tolerate  great  stupidity— as,  for  instance,  that  we  should  have  a 
system  of  reading  which  violates  common  sense  and  which  may 
only  with  immense  difficulty  be  indifferently  but  never  perfect- 
ly acquired  :  or  that  we  should  take  many  months  to  teach  that 
system,  when  it  might  be  taught  in  almost  as  many  weeks ;  or 
that  we  should  take  five  hours  to  write  a  thing,  as  by  the  com- 
mon longhand,  when  we  might  more  easily  write  it  in  one  hour, 
as  by  Phonography.  In  primary  schools  there  should  be  taught 
only  the  general  principles  of  those  arts  and  sciences  which  are 
not  of  great  general  utility,  the  minutiae  being  left  to  be  studied 
as  individual  requirements  or  pursuits  may  demand-  If  this 
plan  of  education  were  to  be  adopted,  then  might  Phonography 
be  introduced  into  our  schools  and  thoroughly  studied,  as  it 
ought  to  be,  without  excluding  any  other  desirable  study. 

ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM. 
Phonetic  Depot.  New  York,) 
December  U,  1661,  3 


KEY  TO  PRONUNCIATION. 


ale,  at  or  at,  ask,  art,  ah  ;  aer=air  ;  eve,  ell  or 
ell,  her  ;  ire,  it  or  It ;  old,  none,  on  for  or  for,  ol 
—  all  ;  pur,  up  or  lip,  tcu=too,  ful=full,  kud= 
could,  tuk=took;  thin  ;  dhen=then  ;  sh&U.; 
vizh-on=  vision.  Accent  (•)  ;  prez-ent,  present. 
Syllable-Mark  (.).  Orthographic,  or  Common- 
Spellesg,  Mark  (,)  ;  'Edinburgh  =Ed-inburg, 
(phthisic  =tizik,  fthough=dho. 


5 


outline; 


^ 


SIMPLE  CONSONANTS. 
§  1.  Simpel  Kon'sonant-Sinz  and  dhar  Ndmz. 


\ 

Pe 

\    1     1    /  / 

Be      Te      De     Cha    Ja    Ka       Ga 

V 

Ef 

v    (    (    ^    )    o     y  >> 

Ve    Ith  Dhe  Es  Ze     Iss    Ish  Zhav 

r 

La 

■^  /  ^  w  ^  ->  c  > 
Ar    Ra    Em    En    lug   Wa  We  Wu 

Ya     Ye   Yii    Ha      He. 

.Rem.  1.  Ish  iz  olwaz  riten  donnward  when 
alon  ;  when  riten  upward,  az  it  ma  be  when 
joind  widh  udher  stroks,  it  iz  kold  Sha. 

Rem.  2.  La  iz  olwaz  riten  upward  when  alon  ; 
when  riten  dounward,  az  it  ma  be  when  joind 
widh  Udher  etroks.  it  iz  kold  El. 

Rem.  3.  Ka,  iz  invariabli  riten  upward,  and 
when  alon,  mor  slanting  dhan  Cha,  which  iz 
olwaz  riten  dounward. 

Bern.  4.  Ha  iz  olwaz  riten  upward. 


10  THE    OCTUSi. 

4.   Kvmliindahona  and  dkdr  NAfn*. 
Pe-KA    EA  Gi    Eu  J  a      Pe-En     Ith-En    KA-Ajt 

r-  r\  o  O  AC  — 

LA-KA  LA- Ar  La-Es  La-Ish  El-Em  El-Tng  Ka-6* 
Bo-Pe      Ef-Ga   Be-iag    Ve-Ga    De-Ve    Ga-Ga 

—  —   [  —  ^   /  ^ 

Km-Em     Eu-£a    Stea   SkAa   Is-R&z   fla*   lb-Ilk 

p  /-*  o^i  ^ 

V.C.    -       <r~i>       a    ci —     /         "— « 

I*-Efc  Slix    Setnz    San  Tez-Ka  Eax-Ga   En-Sem 

k(\   c  y  ^  l,   ^/ 

£/-*>la-T$  Wei     Wer      Wem  Te-Weo    Ka-Wer 

We-TS      We-Ja     Wu-Ka     En-We-D«     Ye-Bn 

Yu-LA  Yu-BA. 

*.  Dht  Sir-hoi  mi  be  mad  Into  a  larj  serkel 
(Sea.)  tu  ad  «  or  »;  dhoa,  — D  KAsea,  ^q 
Efsea ;  (6)  mad  intu  a  suiol  Imp  (8te),  tu  ad  t  or 
rf;  dhoa:  (**  Last,  /^  Bast  or  Eazd,  f 
8te-TS ;  (o)  mad  lata  a  larj  Imp  (-sler),  to  ad  tr ; 
dhua :  \>  PSster,  (^  LAater ;  (rf)  tu  whlco 
leap*  and  lArj  serkel  Is  mA  be  aded;  dhua: 
\>    PeAta,  V^  Pestera,  fl>    Kax-RA  aea-Ia. 


THI    UUTLi.SK.  II 

VOCALIZATION. 
4.  Sin*  ov  SimpeJ,  Vou-ela  (a,  6,  o,  6,  eu.),  Dif- 
Vuhujz  (I,  oi,  ou,  u),  and  of  w  and  y  with  a  folytng 
rouel  dr  dlf-thong  (az  wi3,  wi,  wo,  wo,  ye,  yl,  yo,  yo 
— wl,  woi,  won),  ar  riten  bcskl*  dhe  kon-aonanW 
stroke;  (b)  tui  relat-ed  soundz,  in  sum  kusez,  hav- 
ing but  wirn  eln.  (c)  In  dhe  folding  tabel,  dhe 
Toa-elr,  eu.,  ar  pl&st  bl  an  up-rit  strok,  6r  lefer 
Te,tn  enAdhar  respekt-iv  plaaez,  namli,  op-ozitdhe 
btgining.  midel,  <\r  end  ov  a  konaonant-etrdk. 

I       I       •!         I        J         | 

e  1         aore        e  or  e         a  or  a      a  or  a 


w6          wl       wa,  wsb      we,  wo  wa,  wa     wa,wa 

'I      "I       -I        -!  J        J 

ye           yl         ya,  yae        ye,  ye  ya,  ya        ya,  ya 

"I       "!      -T~-i  J      J 

3  or  6           o          6  or  o           u  uz             u 

'I        'I       >l       'I  J       J 

wo,  wd         wo        wo,  wq         wn          wca  wi» 

1        1       -I       -I  J       .1 

•i  ~  <i 

i        oi       ou  & 

1  1   .1 

wi     woi     woa 


12 

T11K    OITTLINB. 

1 

6. 

BaMm-ptU  or   Vokjilial-xKori. 

VL 

c  ■ 

~  *v^  L  ~ 

V-.  •! 

s 

le 

ke         swim     t1k       king 

bem 

ad 

i- 

r  - 

-    ^     — ~    r-     / 

| 

J 

da 

&1 

&k    eh!       nek        la     ah 

ad 

ash 

V 

V 

f^VC^ 

I- 

X 

tha 

8h3 

la       ra      bol     long     us 

dol 

Dp 

1- 

r^ 

v   X-.   ,'X 

f 

J 

td 

16 

nd          rom          ltrr 

km 

ruuh 

\/      / 

—  1    T.    -1    «.- 

/ 

■T 

pal 

ruk      !d     idg-a   iota         mw 

oU 

V 

V 

^  ^> .  -,  7 

r 

•r 

boll 

b»>a 

tou'el  pou-er      ku     sw6t 

swlch  swad 

v- 

- — 

/   ,l  ,1  ^  -r 

■r 

•— * 

dwel 

wok  woch   wind  wud   yer    Yal 

yei 

yam 

">i 

<:— 

■  ^  x  H  r 

1 

X 

ydr 

yon 

ytmg    yrnth  ynnTt*  twij 

wid 

•dp 

*\ 

•  o 

.<r  r-  ^  v  ^  °s< 

■Up 

■a 

SUM      std      «16     and     «wa       awr.lo 

r 

y 

<-       •]          .|       — 

-r 

^  i 

wil 

w5r 

wfn      wat      wad   wek 

Yal 

Jdk 

eY 

X 

xo       ,\,    ^     i_ 

L 

J- 

swftr 

P&B 

pa»ei    dps  amiif   task 

desk 

dca* 

V^ 

bti-nee  ekzift-     ekost 

THE   OUTLIWa.  IS 

6.  ASPIRATION.— Dhe  dt/erent  mooi  ov  ex- 
presing  h  (t.  «.,  modi  oy  Aspira-shon)  ax  shdn  bi 
dhe  folding  Uustrashonz : 


• 

1— 

1       X    -r        I    not 

her 

hak    hok 

hid    hop       hoi       for  hed 

•#N\ 

^  or  y 

tV\               "]    or  rather 

hep 

for  wh*l 

whip           for  whit 

1 

.C»r.(T 

#s   <r^ 

whit 

for  wful 

whin  whim. 

GROUP-CONSONANT  SIGNS. 
T.  Dher  ar  flv  m»'>dz  ot  modifiing  dhe  prf-maxl 
kooaonant-Btrflks  tu  form  gnnp-konsonant  sins : 

L  BI  an  Imsh-al  IIuk. 

L  Tu  ad  I ;  dhus :    \   Pel,  c Kel,  ^_  Fel, 

(      TheL,    ^J    Shel,     5^     supll-,   '^    sItU, 
* —  a'-keL 
L  Ta  ad  f ;  dhus :     <\  «= — ■  ^    *)      J 
namd  Per  Ker   Fer  Ther  8her 
^    ^  ^    A    ^     1        V     <)-       ^ 

Mer  Ner ;  df  er  fr<3  gln-er  flfer    tre    rtro  destrot 
...  2  J  *,X 


\ 

extronr  sister  disaster  skrap     subskrTb    deskrfb 
dle&grfi-   spra  Jasper  expres    stupor  etajcr 


14  THJ   OCTLIKt 

8.  Ta  prefix-  in,  m,  tin,  or  #n  ta  B per,  BtAr,  and 
a  ft  udher  stax;  dhus:    A-    (namd  In-8p6r-Bel) 

Inseparabel,  v  \  inskrfb,  d— -  unskrn, 
V^S  (namd  In-81a-Bel)  insol-ynbel,  ^/T 
unsSmlL,  ^*\_  enalav. 

IL  BI  a  Rxal  Hua. 
L  3nu>l,  tu  ad  /  or  c  tn  strat  Una,  and  n  ta  stral 
and  kunr  Una ;  dhua :    Xj    ^  — ^  — r^>  y\ 
puf  pun  kiv    kin    rd? 

•C  S.  ^  ^ ^   X  >   *v 

ron      br£f  bran    blcf    blon    etrtf  etran  prom 

v*  \  J-    /    -i   J       d- 

tk6ts    pena   tens  chans     kana    den*  kondensez 

j      X    ^  ^  ~*»  C  «"» 

kondeost  punster  man   fldn     froon    Una    mint 

prordk*    defen*'  punish  furnish    finish. 

i.  Ldrj,  tn  ad  tie  to  strftt  Una,  and  Aon  ta  rtriU 
and  kurv Una;  dhua:    Ny  \^        \$ 

kombaflT    pashon    paahocti 

operatira  opera  sh  on  provoka-shon  prorok-atiT 

mo*shon  fash-onx    aluthon 
3.  Smol  (namd  Eshon),  ta  ad  thon  ta  a  serkeL, 


TBB  OUTLINB.  Id 

hap,     or     Ef-hook ;      dhoa :      j:       deslxhon, 

%       %       ^       X 

penwi'ihon    poieatvoni     flxithanj     tranaiihon 

Y  "V  lr*> 

traiMiah'onal     konver&ashona]    adminifltrfi-ahon 

L.  Li 

dlrlzh-on    dev6-shon. 

III.   Bl   WIOKNOIG, 

Or  Em  6nl1,  to  ad  p  or  6  ;  dhva,  ^— v  ,  namd 
Emb  or  Emp ;  dhtrs :   ^.  lamp,  =r*\^^s  rwdmp, 

impoz'  Impostor   embex'ol   htmvbrg  ambiah*on 
impJin'. 

IT.  Bl  LaxoTHXHiNS : 

1,  Or  Ing,  tn  ad  kr  or  gr ;  dhut:    \^     ^, 

thinker,     "       ^j     ank'ord,     ^  ±^     aimgger, 

ldngger. 

'%.  Or  eni  udher  kirrr,  ta  ad  fr,  dr,  ttr,  or 

cftr;    daw:      /*  tater,     ^ y     winter, 


\~>c 


alolerd,    /  aider, 


16  Tff»  OtnXIKB. 

mudher,        \ .      fidher,     •*" y      nMher, 

/r^-L^\   renderd,    \  modern. 

V.  BI  SHdETiioNo  (or  haying): 
1.  Tn  ad  edher  t  or  d,  (1)  enl  rahukt  konaonant- 
itrok  (eksept  El,  La,  Em,  En,  Ar,  Ing,  Wa,  Yi, 
Emp);dhus:     \;  \  —      J^     \^ 

pat  or  pad    bSdorbet  get     void  bout 

u      v..     r    -p    A    '^    s* 

doot    fat  or  fad  tot  stated  rapid    wisdom  hated 

H      I;     ^i 

trSfed    d&ted     frtted. 

(2)  Enl  hnkt  konsonant-«trok ;  dhin :  <\» 
prat  or  pr&d,  ^  drtd,  V_  trtt  or  trtd,  s» 
plftt  or  plad,    *-*    wtnd,    ^  went,   '*      weld, 

^  wdrt  or  wdrd,  I"  drift,  V  kontrfrd,  >£ 
pint  or  pind,  \  bent  or  bend,  -^  gand,  ^* 
And,   \£  pft-»hent,  ^  an  then t,     »  drifts,  '*• 

komplants,     |     sta'denta. 

i.  Dhe  kcTY-Blm  for  L,  r,  m,  »,  tu  ad  I  when 
Bt,  and  d  when  mad  taevi;  dims;    (i    lat,    ^~ 
loud,     7^  art,  -^   erd,  ^  met,  /7s  mod,  ^ 
■ft,  <l>   tent,  ,w  nSd,  "^^  indlkit,   ^.    tro- 
donted,  '■"V   mldTiIt. 


Kntered  aceordiug  10  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1869, 

BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

Id  the    Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for 
the  Southern  District  of  New  York. 


NEW  AXD  IMPKOVED  EDITION. 

Entered  according  to   Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1879, 

BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


NEW  AND  MINIATURE  EDITION. 

Intered  according   to  Act  of  Congress,   in  the  year  1832, 

BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

In  the  Office  of  the   Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington.  D.  C. 


J^EADING-  JrXERCISES. 

On  51    of  &e  "Outline." 

fl.Xxx  LL  ^^  ll   (  (     > 

f//JJ  ry^r/s.  —  Q-.Jrrs. .  * 

2.  \\  ii  //  ijl«  »jj  -    ^  r 

_0n    §2 

3-.«-^A__L_.LHr-^..^l 

^.AA\    ?   U^  /-."?  ^  A      'n  2- 

v    fnw  n  ^ 


X< 


U- ^    x       to      v /a  x       fa  I — 

e.  rl~^^  /A  i  /,_ 

On  |  3 

4.*.\A  i  r  tf-*^-  /o/Ss 

a.  \N>V-    [>  /    K    ^Tees-Hay 


V_-\  -X  y  x\   A  X'Eays-Hay 

-  ~\--V^    tVA^^^ 

.^xi ,  U^  C  ^n  W-*— ~— n 

^r^^^^V^;K-_s_- r     1 

SanoWNdWi  \\\  _* 

_D     _=    -^_£>    — <P   -€=>       o Q__       Q — 

aU^lr^rrroTV 

_d  x  h>  r  ^  @k®^  x 

On   ^    4. 

6.  Dot^Vowels.'l    r   -1    IO    j  ;*l     / 

j  ,  -r  ^  ^.-^  )■•).  Ji/jrrr 

r  r  r  r  r  r  x  x  x  S '  S  /' 

XX,   Z7.-^_    _^X^-^ 

7.  Dash-Vowels.  ~l    l"-t     1-  1-   A    J    ; 

1    -)   L ;  y*r  c  ^  /  X  X  ^<  ; 

rr_ -  (ri  ^  ^x  ."Ci  ^^  ^  x 

8.  V  ■!   ex,   .v.x.  n,^ 

^    _    enj    )*  x    X    *  v  IH  x  °.(hh  ) 

rx                     ,           /          \           'o                  9 

9.  Diphthongs.    a.¥l      lv     "\     ^      ^- 

V)   T    JV;   G  X  X    <  i    -^-  -^   ->c. 

V X 

i.  r  r  \  -,  >r  S  s?   et_  fcf:  x 
c.J    L  V  U7i;    r  ^  /•</*, 

^     ^-5      ^    or..^....O'<...v 

^    Jvx    (  ^^f..~>  _x  *   L«  1-3 

10.  W   with  aYorel C...c.cC..f.r..^.^3 

11.  Y  with  a  Vowel. I.V..vT._u.0ll^.?.o 

12.  W  with  a  Diphthong.  H.   n|    -il 

1  I        \        K 

lo.    Y    with,  a  Dxplrth.ong.    I     \   *t\ 
£_s      /-*     ( Hon-eoye)     ^  =Tuiao-u 

•%    r»    '    i  ....\  bey^ond)  «  x       i     y    x 

10.  A  consonant-sign  whichrs  noJ„ 
to  he  prori.on.nce3  ,hut  -which  is  used, 
merely-  to  show  the  place  of  a  vowel, 
shonld.  he  canceled. — 

(a)  Either-  hy  striking-  an  oblique 
lire  thro-aprh.  at  :     >e,    la,i.EaTa. 


6 


Q>.)  Or  "by  -writing  llie  "vowel-sign, 
i£  a  clash.  ,  thro-agli-it :  Taa,Tu.,  J_oo. 

l6.fSit,i^t,-i-r-p-ia  ■//•/•/ 

_^_  a^  ^  *-  ^l.  rr~  r  rr 


D     O 


v  sj_^    Q_L^    .^J^  <^L"__. 

■,  \.V\o  V  W 


17.  k^  <x  b-f^f  ^ 

18.  c    ,  (skould)  L_  «J\  .1    .  Ck* 

cv<  ^  A  <^  n  x 

J.y  ."V  owels  Between  Strokes. All 

first-place  and  long"  Second-place 
V^     ;\  written  after    '    irst  strolce;  — 
all  other  rowels 
second,  strolce  :  ^ 

■^Xi L_  Ux   P~ 

^U.TVoroL- Positions "Words  com.- 


-u-ritten.  lief  ore 


)x 


posed  o£  horizontal  consonants^  -wiix 
-ten-  atoTe       line  -when,       only  or  ac 
centecL  -vowel  is  £rst-j)lace  ;  oilier  - 
"wise  ,  on  ~t  lie  lin.e:_* A     _i —     -? 


'Zj  1 .  W  or  ds  naming  a  riill-lengtJi 
stroke  not  horizont-alslioull  have 
first  su.eh.  stroke  rest  on      1m  e    or 
"writing:  :..\ .\    __T>n.!.— N  ..-/. 


On$i6. 

22.  a. -\  -i  S-.r  ^^  "\1 

2.  -S  =  ^  "^'  =^*  VWV" 

23.  .  i  \  .  v  ■■/ , 

.  v  -r ,  ^  •  ^  ,  °  <^^r>  \  As , 

v\>  ,  -^"'-N.  ,  V°,  ••r5.  "S\    .  (ana)    / 


(who) 


^L0t? 


On   §7,1,1.  El-Hbok* 

24.W  fi  //  ^  ^.CC.^r 

— \  r. ^_^.  c— v  v*  ^^  r^--w. 

2  6.  \  \  "N 

On  ^7, 1,  2.    At -Hook. 


30 


■v 


t    6 


31.\\v\  ^  r-T-~1,v 

o  (ta.)  ■)'  "*\  "\.  t>  x  •  ^/  r°  J~, 
V,',n,  ,  \,  =— — ,  <^j  31-  > 

J   fetc.=  et  cetera)  x   ,r^  ,     ')       '►-    -'^1, 

33.  °\°\  n     ;  /  ^- c- 

°\°\    °1  S         ?  ?    o-  o- 

X\    11       /  /  „-  — 

4  V^  -V\  t*  t-  < 

34. J;   ~x    A\\n  V- 
35.^  V  J  C  V  V^  *S 

-    o3      <0      >2_x    ' 

UO.     V- ~^  written  v  read  "between. 


io 

consonants       .  El   '  "',   Ax  li  ^^"^   \ 

^i^—.  iots  v    I-    .      <r^~    <y  ,        \>  "be- 

fore  "    _±    ^   V.    "      y    °    C  after 

I  "V.  "     va    °    short  ;  .  \  pnttmg  .    yA 

Yy        )s  ;    .    \  writing  other 

V    .  ^    <N     ■  .C^ii--,  .         .  -I 

V£  JK      — I         ,     .1       beginning       v_ 

first  "X  ,   .1      '     end.  V  third.  \,  ;     (r    : 

37 .  LL,^-  f^^- 

On    ^  7,1,3.  In-Hook 
OO.  The  Itl  1    °  xLsed   * 

•<_^/  ,     ^^    ,      vi'  ,    .  Cannot  \ 

conveniently   -written   c    'v_^     -,    (r   : 

\X   Ll-L,1^  ^.,  «-~v_  w- 

'0ra^7,II.l.Ef-Hook. 

^  ^  w  x  e- 1-  T  t-  ./v-_^ 


40.  N^  V  V  N^U  V- 
t>-  tiiP  k^  ^~~ S  sfl^-J^  / 

En-HooJc . 

41. \\  J  J  /«/  =^^V~^LCC 

42  \  \\  ^  X  \  ^  ^  t  \ 
%  \  %  J- J-  3-.j-3.y-  _^.^ 

43. 0^  ^  ^  k  ^  $  ^  ^  r 
r  -vVS  ^t^pv-o"  c  >  J  J 

44._  „  h  '  i^?  ^-\^^. 
V  -=.-^  n *  \  '  \.  l  n  *-*  x  % 

45.\Nb\\\\\JJ//=:/0/0 

^aVo   (9(9  e)  e)  e/<s/    ^  ~^  CJ>  v_2>  "^     & 

46.JJ- jj.  y-y/o/yvA  \  \ 


^. 


47. 


^ 


'l^y^y  ^s  C^  ^J  ^  fiT^S 

On  \7,  II.,  1. 

SlioxL-Hoo"k. 

48.'\j\»  L  I  <U=3xV<olo 

G  G  l)l)  cJc)^~^  /^,v3v^>^  6~ 

49/V\T\^\5\3  b  ■&  if- 

LXlpL^^^s?  jr^vrt, 

b   e^  ?      '    X>     -_Q  .<^p"b     -u  p  ,  ^o 

io    ^^  ^3^cv3  vJP^P-rV^S 

Try-Hook. 

50.  \»  V-   1-  f-,7   •--, 

^^^.^V^ti,*-^ 

EsllOTL-Hoolv. 

5l.\U_    /^    V,    C)    ^ 

\  1  /  -^  _^  y>  c 

52.  ^X  \  i   |^_*.^ 

V      -"           '^^^1=^ 

53.  K^\r^.:^-UA  W 

t, .  x  -^vx>*°'\  °X  ^ 

-^^°\/-ri^'V? 

54. e 


7,111    Emj.Emt. 


Vk  u. 


'V 

improve. 

improved,  improvement , rmpor- 

tarrt-ce  ,    ^-  imrpassible-ildty  . 


On   ^7,  IV.    Lengthening 
J  U .  ^^rr^_  inker ,  s >    STrf^l 

i  ■  T~       C_  O 

57.  Tr    aided  V^_  ('  *         ) 


38-    Dr  added. 


59.  Thr  added. 

60.  Dhr  added 


.14- 

On  §7,  A". 

Sliortem 

61. 

/rVr. 

ICC:  V  *•  r  V  „C 

r/r: 

?     7     v>     "^ 

^  ^  -^  .r~  _c  ^ 

^v 

a  ^•^•w/v-'  'w  'w 

£T.w 

w                        _ 

n  ^  y-  c8   r*  ^  --> 

•- 

Q^    ^_^        — 

" 

T   a 

5..\     \     \A^._\      \     .1 

xvJ 

:..:.  i-  i  '- 1. 

/;..Ll.£. 

.- 

" 

..^r.V..?-_.v5.  ^  ' 

>.     J    ; 

*  £__\5  <_.*_*  rjL 

-    • 

—  r3    ^             -    £       • 

•>    .  • 

*--■>  ^  _£T 

r  ^_^!..e.  ^       - 

' 

Vi5      /^     /°- 

X-  ■     **      ^      X 

63. 

D  aiie^L. 

^  <A_\  ...i.1/ 

./.:_ 

_UM 

^>jt  5„>^i  _■ 

^  i- 

1  ^"o_  I7..T 

r._^  "t?  5-  4_*^r_.c_>^- 

¥1  *> 

^_±.  v  i.*.* 

___    ^ri  >a  v"3   O  '       - 

o  j)  Is  ^    V  ^ 

<*  j?L 

W^     X 

64 

._£__C!  a 

■=>  tf.  \     NoA  ^_   ^     \/ 

So__^_ 

.°^_  ^    -o   -^    \s  O; 

v.5 

.  C9    ^3,  -^r»  x 

OrL 

^8-14.- 

-Expedients. 

65 

<S 

X*   f3^-* 

.  i-jD1^:  vr",  y 

ft  .     t- 

r^?. 

r^A^> .  \-if-S*r;j 

N-S^S 

'  ,r  .  v 

)    c    C  <?    V-i  x 

66 

[0, 

1  *^  "l 

^    (A  £       N     <rv 

V,  _ 

.<rr>   i   o^ 

s  bLoJ/fr 

>" . 

"  w, 

X"       t  ^ ;  ^ 

T-Jj. 

1,  3-  H 

c.  -w-\ 

~\c 

spaMlily  i  J^  -\— ^  v^  "^"y, 

"-v. 

v-.-  ~)   X 

67 

[' 

<5'12]  r-s 

^V    >*    \; 

5-' 

v    L^ 

v^"    ^    ^_. 

X 

\X_ 

-/   ^  -o 

68 

[' 

?jl3J    ' 

\  ^—W--  ;  ^-^/ts,  i 

_;i_.-x...;.X_ 

69 

■c 

&!*•] 

-,.....=•  an  cL  a-xL  j 

..= 

=  anl  "Hie 

,-N.    _*3,_ 

..     .. 

x..    ^toxa-Ti,-...1^- £.- 

...Ll 

n 

is  ,it  ~kas 

,  j^-u~ 

o.n 

a-r 

l  ,  on 

ttie-L      .^f-tlaai 

ar.e  , 

u. 

-tney  m 

ay ,  f^L_-we  are,  ~~ v 

r^~ 

•v 

=  -   S- 

L6 

J-JlKle     TJlTTlgS. 

1  ..       ±y., 

;-^r>            <±-s    , 

^_        *1       J 

-,  \_>    r-  x 

■  c-'  -£-  ^ ' 

^_  -n-  i 

~--'V 

J^P.K-  s    *5r/..  , 

.rTs  s    r\.  , 

Miniature 


STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC 
WRITING      EXERCISES. 


BEING  A  KEY 


READING  EXERCISES 


THE  LITTLE  TEACHER. 


ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

AUTHOK  AND  PUBLISHER, 
New- York. 


Entered  according!  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1882, 
by  Andbew  J.  Graham,  in  the  Office  of  the  Libra- 
rian of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


Miniature  Sebies, 

WRITING  EXERCISES: 

A  KEY 
TO    THE    BEADING    EXERCISES 

OF  THE  LITTLE  TEACHER. 

On  §  J  of  The  Outline. 

^j  1.  [Write  the  following   named    letters.] 

Pee,  Bee,  Ef,  Vee,  Ar,  Way,  Tee,  Dee,  Ith, 
Dhee,  Es,  Zee,  Chay,  Jay,  Ish,  Zhay,  El,  Yay, 
Ray,  Hay,  Kay,  Gay,  Em,  En,  Ing,  Iss,  Weh, 
Wuh,  Yeh,  Yuh. 

2    [Downward:]  Pee,    Bee,    Tee,    Dee,  Chay, 
Jay,   Ef,    Vee,    Ith.    Dhee,    Es,    Zee,  Ish,  Zhay, 
Ar,    Way,    Yay.    [Upward:]     Lay,     Ray,    Hay. 
[Horizontal:]  Kay,  Gray,  Em,  En  Ing. 
On  §  2. 

3.  a.  Pee-Kay,  Bee-Kay,  Tee-Pee,  Dee-Dee, 
Dee-Tee  Tee-Dee,  Kay-Pee,  Kav-Dee 

b.  Bee-Ith,  Bee-Em.  Dee-Vee,  Dee-Ef,  Dee- 
En,  Tee-En.  Bee-En,  Bee-Ino-,  Lav-Kay,  Ill- 
Gay,  Vee-Kay,  Kav-Ar,  Ef-Gay,  Gay-Ar,  Ieh- 
Dee,  Ea-B-.'e,  En-Jay,  Em-Bee.  Em-Jay,  Dee- 
Em,  Jay-Em.  Em-Chay,  Shay-Dee,  Dee-Shav, 
Bee-Ish.  Ish-Kay, 

c.  Ef-Ar,  Vee-Ar,  Shay-Lay.  Lay-Ar,  Ef- 
Shay,  Lay-Es.  Em-En,  Em-Ing.  En-Em,  Es-Ith, 
Em-Lay,    Ar-Em,    Em -Em,    En-Zhay,     En-El, 

•'-252 


45: 


4  WBIX1NG  EXEBCISES. 

Av-Lay,    Ef-Em,   Ef-El,  Ish-Ar,  Way-Lay,  Lay- 
Way,  En-Vee,  En-Ith-Ing, 

d.  [Write  the  following,  for  the  present 
writing  the  vowels  with  longhand  letters:] 
My  fur  cap.  Pale  ink.  Long  time.  Do  no 
wrong.     Lame  dog. 

e.  Wei,  Wem,  Wen,  Wer;  Weh-Pee,  Web- 
fee,  Weh-Chay,  Wuh-Kay,    Weh-Ef,  Wuh-Ing, 

/.  Yeh-Pee,  Yeh-Tee,  Yeh-Chay,  Yeh-Kay, 
Yuh-Kay  Yeh-Ef,  Yuh-Lay,  Yuh-Em,  Yeh- 
En,  Yuh-Ray. 

On  §3. 

4.  o.  Pees.  Iss  -  Fee,  Tees,  Iss-Tee.  Chays, 
Iss-Chay.  Kavs,  Iss-Kay ,  Rays,  Iss-Ray,  Hays, 
Iss-Hay,  Efs,  'Sef,  Iths,  Iss-Iih,  Es-Iss,  Iss-Es, 
Ish-Iss,  Iss-Ish.  Lays,  Slay,  Iss-Ar,  Ar-Iss,  Serns, 
bens,  Sways,  Yays, 

b.  Pees-Pee,  Pees-Tee,  Fees-Kay.  Tees-Tee, 
Tees-Chay,  Tees  -  Ray,  Tees-Hay,  Kays-Kay, 
Kays- Pee.  Kays- Kay,  Kays  -  Ray,  Rays-Pee, 
Kays-Tee,  Ravs-Hav;  Pees-Vee,  Pees-Em,  Tees- 
Ef,  Tees-Ar*  Chavs-El.  Chays-Ar,  Kavs-Ef, 
Kays-Lay,  Rays-Ef,  Rays-Lay;  Efs-En,  Efe-El, 
Efs-Lay-Tee,  Efs-Em,  Ens-En,  Ens-Em,  Ens- 
Lay-Dee,  Ems-Em,  Ems-En,  Ems-Yee,  Ems- 
Ith;  desk,  cask,  castle,  fasten, 

5.  Pees,  Peeses,  Peest,  Peester,  Peeses-Iss. 
Peests,  Peesters,  Spee,  Steh-Pee.  Ses-Pee, 
Kays,  Kayses,  Kayst,  Kayster,  Kayses-I-s, 
Kaysts.  Kavsters,  Skay,  Ses-Kay,  Steh-Kay, 
Efs,  Erses,  El'st.  Efster,  Sef,  Ses-Ef,  Steh-Ef, 
Lays,  Layses.  Layst,  Layster,  Slay,  Sess-Lay, 
Steh-Lay.  Pass,  cases,  boast,  boaster,  soul, 
store,  system,  Cassar. 

On  §  4. 

6.  Dot- Vowels.    Eat,  tea,  ate,  day,  are,  shah; 


WRITING     EXERCISES.  5 

It,  etch,  at;  eighty,  Erie,  era,  air,  airy,  essay, 
Asa,  ashy;  eel,  ill,  ale,  ell,  lay,  la,  Allah,  allay, 
Ella,  ree,  ray,  rah,  he,  hay,  ha,  ah,  eh;  eke, 
key,  ache,  kay,  e'en,  knee,  nay,  me,  aim,  may, 
ma,  Emma,  Anna,  Annie,  Amy,  Ing,  Eng. 

7.  Dash-Yowels.  Awed,  daw,  ode,  dough, 
do,  shoe;  odd,  us,  to;  all,  law,  low,  raw,  roe, 
haw,  hoe;  caw,  Coe,  coo,  gnaw,  know,  noo, 
maw,  mow,  moo. 

8.  He  ate  the  eel.  Show  me  the  way.  He 
may  go  and  see.  He  saw  no  key.  His  ear 
aches.     Do  you  know  his  name  ? 

9.  Diphthongs,  a.  Eyed,  die,  pie,  huy,  vie, 
eyes,  sigh,  shy;  lie,  isle,  rye,  high;  my,  mice, 
nigh,  nice,  sign. 

b.  Toy,  joy,  hoy;  oil,  Royce,  ahoy;  coy,  an- 
noy. 

c.  Out,  Dow,  bow,  vow,  our;  owl,  allow, 
row,  house,  cow,  now,  mow,  ounce. 

d.  Due,  pew,  chew,  view;  lieu  rue,  Hugh; 
cue.  mew,  muse,  new,  news. 

e.  See  my  new  toy  house.  I  see  it.  Mice 
are  shy.  The  boy  annoys  our  cow.  How  do 
yi  u  d  >  ? 

jo.  W  with  a  Vowel  We.  wa,  wa,  wi,  we, 
wa,  wau,  wo,  woo,  wo.wu,  woo.  Weep,  wait, 
sweet,  Swede,  swayed,  sweat,  thwack;  walk, 
watch,  woke,  wooed,  wood, 

11.  Y  with  a  Vowel.  Ye,  ya,  ya.  yi,  ye,  ya, 
yau,  yo.  yoo,  yo,  yu.  y65.  Year,  Yale,  yell, 
yam:   yawn,  yon,  young,  youth,  unite=y56nlt. 

12.  W  with  a  Diphthong.  WI,  woi,  wou, 
wide,  twice,  buoy. 

13.  Y  with  a  Diphthong.  YI,  yoi,  yow,  genii, 
Honeoye,  miaou. 

14.  What  would  you  do  if  we  were  not   yet 


6  "WHITING  EXEBCISKS. 

up  with  you  or  beyond  you  ?  What  say  ye  f 
[The  dut-liiie  consonants  are  made  so,  to  show 
that  they  may  be  omitted.] 

15  See  rule  in  the  engraving  as  to  cancel- 
ing a  sign  not  to  be  pronounced,  to  serve  to 
show  the  place  of  a  vowel.  Such  a  sign  is  called 
a  nominal  consonant. 

16.  Sit,  wit.  ate.  sate,  state,  wait,  Yates,  age, 
sage,  stage,  wage,  ache,  sake,  stake,  wake,  yoke, 
ail,  sail,  stale,  wail,  Yale,  aim,  same,  stem, 
Wem.  yam,  own,  sown,  stony,  won,  yon,  sor- 
ry, story,  wore,  swore,  yarrow;  pa,  pass,  passes, 
past,  pastor,  pastors,  ease,  cases,  cast,  casts, 
castor,  castors,  lay,  lace,  laces,  laced,  luster, 
ray.  race,  races,  raced,  roaster,  hay,  haze, 
haste,   Hester. 

17.  System.  Caesar,  Cicero,  disease,  exist? 
resist,  saucer.  Sizer,  Susan,  dissuasive,  necessary, 
possess,  possessed,  possessive,  possessor. 

18.  We  should  take  one  step  at  a  time. 
Study  the  best  style,  in  all  cases,  said  the  pas- 
tor, last  week.  Resist  disease  in  season,  said 
Caesar,  Cicero  or  some  one  else. 

19      VOWBIS     BETWEEN    STROKES.       ALL    FlUST- 

Place  and  LONG  Second  Place  vowels  are  writ- 
ten after  the  first  stroke;  alt  OTHER  vowels 
are  written  before  the  second  stroke.  Examples: 
Beam,  dim.  king.  time,  boil,  dodge,  tweak, 
quick;— page,  both.  maim,  quake,  quoth; — 
deck,  tongue,  dwell,  keg.  pack,  book,  tomb, 
cowl,    tube,    thwack,   quack,  slack 

20.  Word- Positions.  Words  composed  of 
horizontal  consonants  are  written  above  the 
line  when  the  only  or  accented  vowel  is  first- 
place;  otherwise,  on  the  line.    Examples:  Key, 


WHITING    EXEECISES.  7 

annoy,  quick,  squaw,  yawn,  wine;    Kay.  gay, 
sake,  quake,  woke,  wax,  quack,   cow,  cue. 

21.  Words  having  a  full-length  stroke  not 
horizontal  should  have  the  first  such  stroke  rest 
on  the  line  of  writing.  Examples:  Peak,  peep, 
pity,  keep,  catch,  rock,  alike,  like,  alum,  lime, 
memory,  cactus,  rare,    rarer. 

On  §6. 

22.  a.  Heap,  hate,  hack,  heal,  hair,  hem, 
hop,  hot,  hall,  home,  hire,  hush. 

b.  Whiz,  whey,  awhile. 

c.  Whip,  whif,  whig,  whack,  white. 

d.  Wheel,    whale,    whir,    whirl,   whence, 
whine,  whim. 

e.  Hoe,  hay,  haste,   ahead,  haughty,  ho- 
ly, hasten,  ah. 

23.  A  white  hut,  half  hid  by  a  huge  hedge, 
on  a  high  hill,  by  the  highway,  is  Hugh  Hoyle'3 
happy  home  whence  he  hies  to  hawk  hams, 
hats,  hoes,  honey,  hooks,  hops,  horse  whips, 
whistles,  wheels,  whey,  and  who  knows  what 
not  ? 

On  §7,  I.,  1.    El-Hook. 

24.  Pel.  Bel,  Tel,  Del,  Chel,  Jel,  Kel,  Gel, 
Fel,  Vel,  The),  Dhel,  Shel,  Zhel,  Yel,  plea,  ap- 
ple, apply,  able,  blow,  idle,  addle,  huddle, 
hatchel,  claw,  eagle,  higgle,  glow,  clue,  glue, 
awful,  flaw,  flea,  fly,  flow,  flew,  evil,  oval. 

25.  Please.  place,  places,  plum,  blame, 
claws,  classes,  cloister,  clip,  clock,  claim,  gloom, 
flows,  flame,  fling. 

26.  People,  pupil,  employ,  bible,  feeble,  ami- 
able, liable,  noble,  total,  paddle,  model,  shut- 
tle, Mitchell,  pickle,  bugle,  tackle,  shackle, 
likely,  local,  legal,  uncle,  angle,  weekly,  bevel, 
baffle,  youthful,  apishly,  bushel,  initial,  rashly. 


8  WETTING  EXEBCIs£S. 

27.  Spel,  Iss-Tel.  Iss-Chel,  Skel,  Iss-Fel, 
Iss-Thel,  Iss-iShel.  Supply,  sable,  settle,  sad- 
dle, satchel,  sickle,  sickly,  civil,  safely,  peace- 
able, feasible,  peaceful,  blissful,  physical,  phthis- 
ical, classical. 

28.  The  clock  clicks  off  the  flying  time 
which  idle  people  are  deeply  pleased  to  rashly 
waste  in  sickly  tattle. 

On  §7,  I.,  2.     Ai-Hook. 

29.  Per,  Ber,  Ter,  Der,  Cher.  Jer.  Ker,  Ger, 
Fer,  Ver,  Ther,  Dher,  Sher,  Zher,  Mer,  Ner, 
pray,  bray,  eater,  tree,  draw,  hatter,  acre,  crow, 
crew,  eager,  agree,  free,  offer,  fry,  affray,  over, 
ether,  three,  throw,  threw,  through,  hither, 
either,  wisher,  usher,  azure,  Homer,  hammer, 
humor,  inner,  honor,  owner. 

30.  Price,  praise,  prop,  prowl,  prairie,  primet 
trace,  traces,  trip,  drop,  trim,  drili,  drearyi 
cries,  grace,  group,  crook,  crayon,  crawl,  crashi 
crime,  freeze,  frame,  fresh.  Africa,  authors* 
thrice,  thrill,  thrush,  throng,  ushers,  shiiek, 
Bhrug. 

31.  Paper,  fibre,  neighbor,  robber,  daugh- 
ter, entry,  Andrew,  pitcher,  major,  baker, 
maker,  meager,  fifer,  fever,  mover,  bather, 
feathery,  Jethro.  fisher,  measure,  palmer, 
dimmer,  rumor,  banner,  dinner. 

32.  Frogs  and  crows  croak.  The  baker's 
daughter  has  three  very  pretty  di esses.  The 
grocer  sells  sugar,  brooms,  brushes,  pepper, 
crackers,  ginger,  treacle,  etcetera.  Homer,  the 
author  of  the  Iliad,  traces  therein  tin-  grievous 
trials  and  the  dreary  and  prolonged  troubles 
of  the  Greeks  until  their  triumph  over  Priam 
aud  Troy. 


■WHITING    EXERCISES.  3 

33.  lss-Per,  Iss-Ber,  Iss-Ter,  Iss-Der,  Iss- 
Cher,  Iss-Jer,  Iss-Ker,  Iss-Ger,  bes-Per,  Ses-Ber, 
Ses-Ter,  Ses-Der,  Ses-Cher,  Ses-Jer,  Ses-Ker, 
Ses-Ger,  Steh-Per,  yteh-Ber,  Steh-Ter,  Steh- 
Der,  Steh-Cher,  Steh-Jer,  Steh-Ker,  Steh-Ger. 
Spry,  spray,  sober,  straw,  stray,  cedar,  seeker, 
sacker,  sister,  stupor,  stutter,  stouter,  stitcher, 
stager,  stocker,  stagger,  supreme,  strike,  string, 
scribe,  scream,  destroy,  disaster,  prosper,  exe- 
crable, subscribe,  disagree,  tasker,  Jasper. 

34.  Day  -  spring,  express,  lisper,  whisper, 
pastry,  extra,  shoe-striug,  mystery,  massacre, 
besieger. 

32.  Iss-Fer,  Iss-Ther,  Iss-Sher,  Iss-Mer,  Iss- 
Ner,  passover,  atmosphere,  hemisphere,  sinner, 
sooner,  listener,  prisoner,  gossamer. 

35.  Vowels  are  written  to  read  between  the 
consonants  of  an  El  or  Ar  hook  sign  by  making 
dots  into  a  small  circle,  placed  before  the  hook- 
sign  if  the  vowel  is  long,  after  it  if  the  vowel  is 
short;  and  by  putting  a  vowel-dash  through 
the  sign;  and  by  writing  other  vowel-signs 
through  the  hook-sign,  or  at  the  beginning  if 
first  place,  at  the  end  if  third  place;  thus:  feel, 
fail,  till,  fell,  appear,  share,  term,  charm,  fall, 
follow,  form,  church,  fool,  qualify,  figure,  pro- 
cure, guile. 

37.  A  strong  string.  Succor  the  distressed. 
The  careless  scribe  scratches  and  scrawls  strokes 
scarcely  legible.  Cedars  and  cypresses  strew 
the  shores  of  the  strange  stream. 

On  §7.  1,3.     In-Hook. 

38.  The  In-hook  is  used  where  initial  in,  en, 
un  and  on  cannot  be  conveniently  written  with 
4En:' 

In-Sper,  Ins-Ber,  In  -  Ster,  Ins-Der,  Ins-Cher, 


10  WRITING  EXERCISES. 

Ins-Jer,  In-Sker,  Ius-Ger;  In-Slav,  In-Sem,  In- 
Sar,  Iu-Ses,  Ins-Ish;  Ins-Tel,  Ius-Fel;  insepa- 
rable, insuppressed,  instructor,  unstring,  in- 
scribe, unscrew;  enslave,  unseemly,  unsur- 
mised,  unsociable,  uuswayable;  unsettle,  un- 
civil. 

On  §7,  II.,  1.      Ef-Hook. 

39.  Pef,  Bef,  Tef,  Def,  Chef,  Jef,  Kef,  Gef, 
Eef,  Hef,  Telf,  Tref,  Stref  In-Stref;  puff,  buff, 
tough,  chaff,  cough,  roof,  hoof,  belief,  brief, 
Btutf.  trough,  strife,  cliff,  scarf,  surf;  pave, 
prove,  brave,  stove,  dove,  strife,  drove,  achieve, 
J^ve,  cave,  gave,  clove,  grieve,  grave,  rave,  ar- 
rive, serve,  heave,  hive,  behave;  puffs,  proves, 
stoves,  groves,  droves,  coughs,  caves,  cliffs, 
cloves,  scofls. 

40.  Prefer,  proffer,  braver,  profane,  prov- 
ince, traffic,  driver,  defense,  divine,  roughly, 
river,  arrival,  cover,   giver,  heaver. 

En -Hook. 

41.  Pen,  Ben,  Ten,  Den,  Chen,  Jen,  Ken, 
Gen,  Ren,  Hen,  Fen,  Yen,  Then,  Dhen,  Es  en, 
Zen,  Sben,  Zhen,  Len,  Arn,  Men,  Nen,  Ingen, 
Wayn,  Yayn. 

42.  Pin,  spin,  plain,  sprain,  weapon,  bone, 
blown,  brain,  pawn,  pine,  ppine,  plan,  bran 
tone,  stain,  strain,  attain,  drown,  chain,  can, 
clean,  grain,  waken,  keen,  cane,  roan,  serene, 
sworn,  hone,  hewn,  hen. 

43.  Fin,  vain,  heaven,  seven,  woven,  flown, 
frown,  sign,  shown,  lane,  slain,  woolen,  urn, 
earn,  concern,  main,  mean,  Simon,  woman, 
•wain,  thin,  thrown,  shine,  shrine. 

44.  Can  you  open  the  door?  Frown  upon 
every  mean  plan  of  gaining  wealth.  Upon  what 
plan   do  you  mean   to   proceed   with  this  fine 


WRITENG  EXERCISES.  11 

work  ?  A  poor  weapon  is  often  worse  than 
none.  The  woman  has  spun  and  woven  seven 
fine,  thin,  brown,  woolen  dresses. 

45.  Pens,  Penses,  Penst,  Pensts,  Penster, 
Pensters,  Bens,  Tens,  Dens,  Chens,  Jens,  Kens, 
Gens,  Reus,  Hens,  Feus.  Yens,  Thens,  Dhens, 
Sens,  Zens,  Shens,  Zhens.  Lens,  Arns,  Mens, 
Nens,  Ing-ens,  Wayns,   Yayns. 

46.  Den,  dens,  danced,  dances,  chain,  chance, 
chanced,  chances,  juin,  joins,  pun.  puns,  pun- 
sters, coins,  caust,  Kansas,  glance,  glanced, 
glances,  rinse,  rinsed,  rinses;  Tonson,  Johnson; 
ransom,  gainsaid,  organism;  fines,  vines,  thins, 
thence,  assigns,  shines,  lines,  earns,  man's 
France,  thrones,  shrines,  ignorance. 

47.  Gainsay,  turnkey,  millennium,  pecuni- 
ary, keen-eyed,  gunnery,  openness,  furnish, 
French,  thinness,  finish,  lonesome,  lonely,  nuu- 
nery. 

On  §  7,  II.,  1. 
Shon-Hook. 

48.  Peeshon,  Beeshon,  Teeshon,  Deeshon, 
Chayshon,  Jayshon,  Kayshon,  Gayshon,  Ray- 
shon,  Hayshon,  Efshon,  Yeeshon,  Itlrshon, 
Dheeshon,  Esshon,  Zeeshon,  Ishshon,  Zhay- 
shon,  Layshon,  Arshon,  Emshon,  Enshon,  Ing- 
shon,  Wayshon,  Yayshon. 

49.  Option,  optional,  passion,  passions,  pa- 
tience, condition,  additions,  auction,  auction- 
eer, occasions,  occasional,  ration,  rational,  Hes- 
sian, additional,  operation,  derision,  duration, 
creation,  Grecian,  completion,  conclusion,  con- 
secration, consideration,  execration;  vision- 
visions,  visionary,  allusion,  oration,  motions, 
nation,  unction,  sanction,  missionary,  version. 


12  WRITING  EXERCISES. 

Tiv-Hook. 

50.  Combative,  combativeness,  dative,  seda* 
tive,  active,  activity,  connectives,  affective, 
creative,  negative,  fugitive,  comparative,  op- 
erative, instructive,  collective. 

Eshon-Hook. 

51.  Peeseshon,  TVeseshon,  Chayseshon,  Kays- 
esbon,  Rayseshon,  Efseshon,  Ithseshon,  Es-Iss- 
eshon,  Enseshon,  Penseshon,  Tenseshon,  C'hens- 
eshon,  Kenseshon,  Kefeshon,  Keneshon,  Ren- 
eshon,  etc. 

52  Opposition,  possesion,  decision,  dissua- 
sion, acquisition,  accession,  rescision,  recession, 
physician,  physicians,  association,  authoriza- 
tion, transition,  transitional,  conversational, 
sensational;  division,  profession,  professional, 
devotion,  diffusion. 

53.  It  is  optional  with  the  physician;  some 
have  taken  a  position  the  very  opposite.  His 
position  is  rational  and  effective.  The  profes- 
sion is  comparatively  lucrative.  His  conver- 
sation is  instructive  though  sensational.  The 
association  is  active  and  combative.  What  does 
he  say  of  the  musician's  devotion  to  his  pro- 
fession, and  what  was  the  decision  as  to  com- 
pensation ? 

On  §  7,  III. 
Emp,    Emb. 

54.  Emp.  Imp,  Emp,  pump,  bump,  damp, 
jump,  camp,  thump,  shampoo,  lump,  lamp, 
swamp,  plump,  primp,  tramp,  clamp,  cramp, 
scamp,  impose,  imposed,  imposition,  impostor, 
impugn,  impatience,  impute,  impede,  impeach, 
impel,  empire,  umpire,  empress,  emperor,  sam- 
ple,   example,    ensample,  Emp'2=improve,  im- 


WRITING  EXERCISES.  13 

proved,    improvement,    Emp'=important,   im- 
portance, Emps1=impossihle-bility. 

55  Emb  — Emboss,  imbue,  embody,  some* 
'body,  steamboat,  ambush,  ambitious,  ambigu- 
ous, embellish,  embezzle,  bamboo,  bamboozle, 
embarrass. 

On  §7,  IV.    Lengthening. 

56  Inker,  anker,  sinker,  winker,  banker, 
drinker,  canker,  thinker;  hunger,  younger, 
stronger,  finger,    longer. 

57.  Tr  added. — Fetter,  voter,  theater,  Easter, 
shutter,  letter,  later,  alter,  alteration,  Wal- 
ter, psalter,  meter,  matter,  enter,  niter,  cen- 
ter, water,  waiter,  embitter,  embittered. 

58.  Dr  added.—  Fodder,  shudder,  leader,  lad- 
der, louder,  elder,  older,  order,  ardor,  madder, 
moderate,  moderation,  modern,  tender,  candor, 
render,  rendered,   wonder,  wider. 

59.  Thr  added—  Luther,  Arthur. 

60.  Dhradded.—  Feather,  father,  thither,  Dhee- 
(yu)dber=the  other,  leather,  lather,  wither, 
weather,  whether,  neither,  another,  mother, 
northern. 

On  §7,  V.     Shortening. 

61.  Late,  laid,  light,  lied,  halt,  laud,  old, 
load,  held,  hold,  oiled,  lad,  loud,  art,  heart, 
hard,  hurt,  erred,  herd,  aired,  hired,  meat, 
meed,  mate,  made,  mat.  mad.  moat  mode,  mid, 
hemmed,  aimed,  neat,  need,  knot,  nod,  naught, 
gnawed,  note,  node,  ant,  band,  slight,  slide, 
styled,  sold,  sealed,  sort,  sword,  soured,  smite, 
seemed,  sent,  send,  sound;  muzzled,  whistled. 

62  T added  —  Peat,  pate, apt,  pout,  beat,  bait, 
habit,  bought,  boat.  boot,  taught,  tight,  date, 
debt,  dot,  doubt,  cheat,  etched,  chat,  jot, 
caught,  quit,  quite,  coat,  act,  got,  gait,  get,  feet, 


WRITING  EXERCISES. 


fit,  fought,  oft,  fight,  fate,  font,  east,  highest, 
shot,  shoot,  shut;  operate,  plot,  puffed,  point, 
patieut,  blot,  bright,  bent,  delight,  trite,  tuff, 
taint,  chant,  clot,  colt,  court,  greet,  coughed, 
gift.  cant,  quotient,  fleet,  freight,  faint,  ath- 
lete, threat,  short,  shant,  wilt,  lent,  wart,  war- 
rant, mint,  meant,  mount,  impatient,  want, 
annoint.  ancient,  rent.  rant,  rati,  heft,  baft. 

68.  D  added.—  Paid,  pawed,  head,  bed,  tied, 
died,  did,  chawed,  jawed,  <:•■  de  goad,  teed, 
VOid,  thawed,  eased,  shod,  shade,  plead,  bleed, 
huddled,  child,  prayed,  braid,  trade,  dread, 
clawed,  clad,  cried,  creed,  fled,  afraid,  thread, 
shroud,  wield,  yield,  ward,  warned,  word,  ham- 
mered, wind,  honored,  band,  dined,  joined, 
find,  assigned,  lend,  around,  mind,  mend,  im- 
pend, impassioned,  sanctioned,  cautioned,  occa- 
;.  cushioned,  fashioned,  motioned,  planned, 
bland,  trained,  friend,  shrined,  negatived. 

64.  Lights,  leads,  hearts,  mates,  needs; 
pouts,  beats,  habits,  boots,  gets,  lights,  votes, 
operates,  blots,  tufts,  tints,  paints,  counts, 
quotients,  patients,  ancients;  bids,  feeds,  shades, 
pleads,  bleeds,  child's,  threads,  shrouds,  yields, 
words,  winds,  bends,  bounds;  finds,  lends, 
mends,  impends 

On  §  8-14. -Expedients. 

65.  For  a  Complete  List  of  Word-Signs  and 
contractions  of  the  corresponding  style,  see 
"  The  Correspondent's  List  of  Word-Signs  and 
Contractions,"  uniform  in  style  and  size  with 
this  little  book. 

86.  [On  §11].  Tempt,  camped,  thumped, 
limit,  stamped,  prompt,  exemption,  consump- 
tion; auxious,  distinction,  function;  mostly, 
tasteless,    restless,    postpaid,    post-office,    post- 


WRITING  EXERCISES.  la 

pone,  testament,  destitute,  adjustable;  demon- 
strate, identical,  transaction,  transient,  trans- 
late, translation,  transpose;  Kay-Bel-=capable, 
Kay  :Bee2=capability ;  describe,  subscribe,  trans- 
cribe, transcription,  En-Veeseshon2=anvestiga- 
tion. 

67.  [On  §  12  ]  Capital,  artless,  undoubted, 
possible;  length,  among,  beautiful,  distinc- 
tion, necessary,  always,  certain,  better,  con- 
siderable, superior,  memory,  sufficient,  inten- 
tion. 

68.  [On  §  13]  The  loss  of  the  money;  one  of  the 
most;  the  words  of  the  text;  shall  have  been,  must 
bin-.'  been,  cannot  have  done,  cannot  have  been; 
by  and  by,  Chetoid-Ter2-Ray=on   the  contrary. 

"69  [On  §  14].  Ketoid2-Tetoid=and  a-n,  Ket- 
bid2-Chetoid==and  the,  are  you,  can  be,  cannot 
be,  could  be,  could  not  be,  Et--Tetoid=for  a-n; 
for  the,  Petoid1-Lay=I  will,  Tees2=it  is,  it  has; 
it  has  been,  it  must  be,  of  course,  Retoid!-Tet- 
bid=on  a-n,  Retoid1-Chetoid=on  the,  there 
can  be.  Dheti-Ray=that  are,  Dhee2-Em=they 
may,  Wer1=we  are;  you  may,  you  can,  Yuh2* 
Vce=you  have. 


LITTLE  THINGS. 
[Page  16.] 
Little  drops  of  water, 

Little  grains  of  sand, 
Make  the  mighty  ocean, 
And  the  pleasaut  land. 

Thus  the  little  minutes, 

Humble  though  they  be, 


WETTING  KXEBCISES, 

Make  tne  mighty  ages 
Of  eternity. 

Thus  our  little  errors 
Lead  thn  soul  away, 

From  the  path  of  virtue, 
Off  in  sin  to  stray. 

Little  deeds  of  kindness, 
Little  words  of  love, 

Make  our  earth  an  Eden, 
Like  the  heaven  above. 


CORRESPONDENT'S  LIST 
OF 

WORD  -  SIGNS 

AND 

CONTRACTIONS 

OF 

STANDARD   PHONOGRAPHY. 

BY 

ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM. 


Entered  according  to  Act  c.  Congress,  in  the  year  1869, 

BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

In  the   Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for 
the  Southern  District  cf  New  York. 


NEW  AXD  IMPROVED  EDITION. 

Enter  Act  "f  Congress,  in  the  year  1879, 

BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

ingress    at   Washington,  D.  C. 


NEW  AND  MINIATURE  EDITION. 

Butered  according   to  Act  of  Congress,   in  the  year  188*2, 

BY  ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

In  the  Office  of  the   Librarian  of  Congress,   at  Washington,  J>.  C. 


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_-* 

si-ns    (see  H.  B..  p. 

— v.  ... 

iNTERfere 

-^\="V 

111.  R   2);     as   un- 
foreseen, uncontra- 
dicted. 

--'L. 

iNTRoduce 

-  u=t 

Word- Signs     are 
sometimes    nsed   a* 

^~* — \ 

iRRECoNcilable 

><r\ 

prefixes:  afternoon. 
undergo. 

w     1 

AFFIX-SIGNS. 

Ble-y:  plausible-y,  sensible-y         V       ~~>v 

Idleness,  Fulness:  questionable-  CTT       1 
ness,  truthfulness  -\  °         \ 

Fob-e:  therefor-e,  wherefor-e         J       </\. 

Ing:  doing,  coming  j 

Ing  a-n-d  :  eating    a-n-d,    giving  l_      

a-n-d  .,        ^o\ 

Ing  the:  eating  the,  losing  the      j,       '    ^ 

Ingly:  knowingly,  amazingly        ^_^N  ts, 

Ings:  tracings,  ravings  \_j>     /* 


2] 


Lty,  Rty  :  debility,  formality,  'sT^'~'N^0\ 
prosperity  ;:N0-       ,        N 

Ly:  deeply,  safely,  homely,  manly  I.    -V.  , — S  ^-y- 

Mental-ity:  instrumental-ity         l'-se 

Ology,  Alogy:  zoology,  physiolo-  y  y>  Gy 
gy,  genealogy  ' 

Self:  himself,  one's-self,  man  s-  — b  ^_v  s&& 
self 

Selves:  ourselves,  our  own  selves  ."N--.t^O 

Ship:  lordship,  friendship  jx~ jO 

Someness:   irksomeness  ^ — o 

Soever:   whatsover,    whosoever,  ^---  (^-AO 
howsoever 

Word-signs  may  be  used   as  af-  <}    ~~^ 
fixes  as  in  thereto,   hereafter  i. ^- 


STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC 
AND  OTHER  WORKS. 

ANDREW  J.  GRAHAM, 

AUTHOR  AND    PUBLISHER. 

744   Broadway,  New  Yob k. 

PHONOGRAPHY  is  a  shorthand  system  of  writing 
according  to  sound  or  pronunciation,  rejecting  silent 
letters  and  ambiguous  signs.  The  original  Bystem 
(Stenographic  Sound-Hand,  1837  was  an  improvement 
by  Isaac  Pitman,  of  England,  on  the  system  of  Harding 
(1823,  1828),  which  was  an  improvement  on  the  system 
of  Samuel  Taylor  (i 

"EDITIONS"  OF  THE  OLD  PHONOGRAPHY.— 
The  Old  Phonography  was  variously  modified.  The 
different  modifications,  or  systems,  called  "editions." 
were  published — First  edition,  1837;  Second  edition, 
Jan.,  1840:  Third  edition,  Dec,  1840;  Fourth  edition, 
1841;  Fifth  edition,  1842;  Sixth  edition,  1844;  Seventh 
edition,  1845;  Eighth  edition,  1847:  Ninth  edition,  1853. 
This  last  and  best  edition  was  made  the  basis  of  Stand- 
ard Phonography.  See  Odds  and  Ends  for  an  account 
uf  the  characteristics  of  these  "  Editions." 
STANDARD  PHONOGRAPHY. 

"  Standard  Phonography  is  now  acknowledged  by 
the  most  accomplished  phonographers  to  be  the  be*t 
system  of  shorthand  writing  that  has  ever  been  offered 
to  the  world.  In  thj  Adaptation  of  its  Characters  to 
the  sounds  of  our  language,  in  its  Legibility,  in  its 
Powers  of  Contraction,  in  the  Rapidity  with  which  it 
can  be  written,  in  the  Logical  and  Convenient  Arrange- 
ment and  Presentation  of  its  Principles,  and  in  its  Ease 
of  Acquisition,  it  immeasurabl  i  surpasses  ever:  otha  i  t- 
tem of  shorthand."— Prof.  John  B.  Holmes,  A.  aI.,LL.  B. 

"  The  only  system  worth  the  attempt  to  learn." — 
Chas.  A.  Sumner,  the  leading  reporter  of  BanPrancisco. 

"  Standard  Phonography   is  the  most  philosophical. 


Graham's  Catalogue. 

rapid,  and  beautiful  system  of  shorthand  writing  ever 
invented.  The  system  of  Phonography  as  new  used 
is  the  result  of  the  labor  and  study  of  Andrew  J.  Gra- 
ham, by  whom  Pitman's  system  was  used  as  a  basis, 
while  he  has  made  very  many  alterations,  and  added 
many  new  features  [new  principles,  rules,  combina- 
tions, devices,  contractions,  and  word-signs],  making 
it  at  once  the  most  unique  and  useful  system  of  writ- 
ing that  can  be  imagined." — Haverlnll  Gazette. 

IMITATIONS.— See  comparisons  of  them  with 
Standard  Phonography  in  "  All,  About  Phonogra- 
phy,"' where  the  demonstration  is  complete  that  tho 
imitations  require  about  One-Third  more  labor  and 
space  than  Standard  Phonography,  and  are  inferior  in 
every  other  respect. 


THE    STANDARD-PHONOGRAPHIC 
SERIES. 

**  A  more  complete  series  of  works  on  any  subject 
than  Mr.  Graham's  Standard-Phonographic  Series  has 
never  been  published.  These  Text-Books  are  the  only 
ones  that  are  perfect  in  themselves  ;  and,  in  no 
respect,  could  I  suggest  an  improvement  in  the  man- 
ner of  bringing  the  subject  before  even  the  dullest 
student  ;  and  the  introduction  of  them  into  all  insti- 
tutions of  learning  where  Phonography  is  taught,  is 
the  the  highest  eomplimeut  that  can  be  paid  to  their 
merit." — Charles  Flowers,  a  superior  report' r. 

The  Outline.— In  Miniature  Book-Form,  bound  in 
paper,  5  cents.     One  dozen,  25  cents. 

The  Little  Teacher.— Comprises  :  1.  The  Out- 
line, presenting  all  the  chief  elements  of  Standard 
Phonography  in  eight  primer-size  pages  ;  2.  The  Lit- 
tle Reading  Exercises — furnishing  in  1(>  little  pages 
an  exercise  ou  each  section  of  the  Outline,  a.  Minia- 
ture edition  of  the  CORRESPONDENT'S  List  of  Word- 
Signs,  Contractions,  Phrase-Signs,  Prefixes,  and  Affixes 
of  the  Corresponding  Style.  /JSpThe  Little  Teacher 
is  a  useful  pocket  companion  for  students  of  the  Syn- 
apsis or  Hand- Book.     Price,  40  cents. 

The  Synopsis. — New  and  Revised  Edition. — Com- 
prises :  1.  The  Synopsis  (in  23  duodecimo  pages)  of  all 
of  the  Principles  of  the  Corresponding  Style,  unmis- 
takably presented,  with  numerous  engraved  illus- 
trations.   2.  "  The  Correspondent's  List '  — 12mo.  edi- 


Graham's  Catalogue. 

tion— comprising  an  alphabetical  list  of  Correspond- 
ing Word-Signs,  Contractions,  Plirase-Sigus,  Prefixes, 
and  Affixes.  3.  "  The  Heading  Exercises  " — in  which, 
there  is  an  extended  illustration  and  application  of 
each  section  of  the  text  ;  followed  by  several  pages  of 
connected  reading  matter,  with  an  interlined  transla- 
tion. This  edition  is  well  adapted  to  the  use  of  either 
Classes  or  Private  Studeuts.  /gg=This  is  a  highly  use- 
ful book  for  students  of  the  Hand-Book  j  in  making 
frequent  reviews  of  the  elements. — Price,  50  cents. 

The  Hand-Book. — Presents  every  principle  of 
every  style  of  the  Art — commencing  with  the  analy- 
sis of  words,  and  proceeding  to  the  most  rapid  Re- 
porting Style — in  such  a  Form  and  Maimer,  with  such 
Fullness  of  Explanation  and  Completeness  of  Illustra- 
tion, and  with  such  other  features  as  fully  to  adapt 
the  work  to  the  use  ot  Schools  and  to  Self-Instruction. 
The.  analysis  and  classification  of  the  sounds  of  the 
voice  (given  in  the  Appendix  to  l'art  II.),  will  furnish 
invaluable  assistance  to  those  wishing  to  get  the  cor- 
rect pronunciation  of  any  foreign  language.  3(i(>  duo- 
decimo pages.  Price,  bound  iu  muslin,  with  em- 
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"Full,  Concise  and  Philosophical  in  its  develop- 
ment of  the  theory  of  writing  by  sound.  Admirable 
in  its  arrangement  and  Replete  with  Improvements 
and  refinements  on  the  Art  as  previously  defined,  it 
affords  the  learner  a  safer  means  of  obtaining  a  speed  in 
reporting  at  least  one-fourth  greater  than  can  be  acquired 
by  any  other  method." — Xew  Fork  Herald. 

First  Reader. — Mew  and  Revised  Edition  :  En- 
graved in  the  Corresponding  Style  ;  with  interpaged 
Key  ;  with  Questions  ;  and  with  Notes.  $1.75  ;  post- 
paid. |1.81. 

Second  Reader.— New  and  Revised  Edition  :  En- 
graved in  the  Reporting  Style,  with  Key  and 
Notes.  To  be  studied  in  connection  with  the  Report- 
ing-Style  chapter  of  the  Hand-Book.  $1.75  ;  post- 
paid, $1.81. 

Standard  -  Phonographic  Dictionary.  —  "  The 
last  great  crowning  work  of  the  Standard  Series," 
gives  the  pronunciation  and  the  best  outlines  (Corres- 
ponding, Advanced-Corresponding,  and  Reporting)  of 
about  60,000  words,  and  the  forms  for  about  fio.000 
phrases.      Beyond  comparison  with  any  shorthand 


Graham's  Catalogue. 

dictionary  or  vocabulary  ever  published.  Invaluable 
to  writers  of  eitber  style.  Cloth,  $5;  leather,  ?t>;  moroc- 
co, £7  ;  (Octavo-form  from  the  same  plates,  with  wide 
margins),  cloth,  s(>  ;  leather,  $8  ;  morocco,  $9. 

The  Reporter's  List.— With  engraved  forms,  com- 
bining in  one  list,  in  chart-like  form,  and  in  phono- 
graphic-alphabetical order,  all  the  Word-Signs,  Con- 
tractions, etc.,  contained  in  lists  of  the  Haud-Book, 
and  with  many  thousand  other  words  for  comparison, 
contrast,  and  distinction,  with  explanations  in  the 
corresponding  style.  1000  engraved  pages  and  139 
pages  of  common  print,  consisting  of  Pre j ace,  Intro- 
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common-alphabetical  order,  which  permits  the  easy 
finding  of  any  word  or  phrase  in  the  book.  A  very 
valuable  work.  Total  number  of  pages  1139.  Price, 
cloth,  £5  ;  leather,  £G  ;  morocco,  $7. 

Practice-Book  Series. — UCS  =  I'nvocalized  Vor- 
respondtng  Style.  Engraved  in  the  Advanced-Corres- 
ponding Style,  witn  Key  and  Questions  and  Notes. 
Very  useful  for  practice  in  reading  or  writing  without 
the  vowels.  Composed  of  short  articles  of  scientific 
and  literary  matters.  Very  interesting  and  instruc- 
tive.    12mo,  12-2  pages.     Cloth.     Price,  $1.25. 

lCR=Inlercolumn  Reporting  Style.  A  series  of  Busi- 
ness Letters  engraved  in  the  Reporting  Style,  in  one 
column,  and  in  the  adjoining  column  (most  conven- 
ient for  reference)  Key,  Notes  and  Questions.  A  large 
portion  of  these  letters  were  received  from  phonogra- 
phers  to  whom  theyr  had  been  dictated  by  their  em- 
ployers, and  they  furnish  a  great  variety  of  subjects 
and  styles  of  composition.  This  book  will  prove  in- 
valuable to  the  student  preparing  lor  office  work. 
12mo,  1(51  pages.     Cloth.     Price,  $  1 .25. 

Lady  of  the  Lake.— By  Sir  Walter  Scott.  With 
Frontispiece.  Engraved  in  the  Advanced-Corres- 
ponding style,  with  iutcrpaged  Key  ;  and  with  Notes. 
Total  number  of  pages,  328.  Price,  $2  ;  postpaid, 
$2.10.     Morocco.  $4  ;  postpaid,  $4.10. 

Moral  Culture. — A  portion  of  Prof.  John  Blackie's 
celebrated  lecture  "  On  Self-Ciiltui'e,"  also  several  val- 
uable miscellaneous  articles  ;  engraved  in  the  Ad- 
vanced-Corresponding Style,  and  with  common-print 
Key.  39  pages  ol  engraving,  31  pages  oi  common- 
print.  A  very  interesting  and  iisefui  book  for  pho- 
nographers.    Cloth.    Price,  50  cents. 


Gkaham's  Catalogue. 

Odds  and  Ends.— [or  Phonographic  Intelligencer). — 
In  common-print. — Has  a  variety  of  matter  of  interest 
and  value  to  phonographers.     75  cents. 

PERIODICAL  VOLUMES. 

The  Student's  Journal.  —  A  20  quarto-page 
monthly  devoted  to  Standard  Phonography,  Las  been 
published  continuously  since  1872.  It  succeeded  the 
Standard-Phonographic  Visitor  (a  weekly)  which  was 
published  continuously  lor  rive  years  preceding  1872. 
The  Student's  Journal  is  the  oldest  and  best  phono- 
graphic journal  in  America.  Each  number  has  eight 
pages  of  lithographed  phonography.  News  of  im- 
portance to  phonographers,  portraits,  biographical 
sketches,  and  lac  similes  of  the  reporting  notes  of 
prominent  phonographers,  are  frequently  given. 
Subscription  price  $1.  per  year.  For  list  of  bound 
volumes  of  the  Journal,  see  Price-List  below.  Sam- 
ple copy  tree. 

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71949 
OCT  2  0  1953 


MiN. 

Z56 
G76  1 


